The Beta Agonist System
Effects on Muscle Growth and Fat Loss:
The Role of Ephedrine, Caffeine, and Aspirin
The ß-agonist (beta agonist) system influences muscle growth and fat loss. Beta receptors are located on the surfaces of many cells, including muscle and fat cells. These beta receptors bind beta agonists (e.g., adrenaline and noradrenaline). The receptors then initiate a series of chemical reactions that lead to the production of C-AMP. C-AMP effects protein phosphorylation which produces and then activates enzymes which induce lipolysis (fat breakdown), along with enzymes that increase muscle growth.
Ephedrine, caffeine, and aspirin are examples of substances that affect the beta agonist system: Ephedrine increases beta agonist production and also acts as a beta agonist itself, caffeine inhibits C-AMP breakdown, and aspirin inhibits negative feedback which can reduce beta agonist production.
A commonly used ephedrine-caffeine-aspirin "stack" is one 20 - 25 mg ephedrine tablet, 200 mg of caffeine, and half a regular aspirin tablet, or one children's aspirin. (A cup of coffee contains 75-100 mg of caffeine so 2 cups of coffee can replace the caffeine tablet if desired).
Warning! Consult with a physician prior to using any ephedrine-caffeine-aspirin mixture. Do not use if you have any type of heart problem or high blood pressure, or if pregnant or lactating.
Lactic Acid: Effects on Muscle Function
"Muscle Memory": A Theoretical Concept Based on Athletes' Reports
